3 完整解决方案
Sunny软件公司开发人员使用状态模式来解决账户状态的转换问题，客户端只需要执行简单的存款和取款操作，系统根据余额将自动转换到相应的状态，其基本结构如图4所示：
图4 银行账户结构图
在图4中，Account充当环境类角色，AccountState充当抽象状态角色，NormalState、OverdraftState和RestrictedState充当具体状态角色。完整代码如下所示：
温馨提示：代码有点长，需要有耐心！
//银行账户：环境类
class Account {
private AccountState state; //维持一个对抽象状态对象的引用
private String owner; //开户名
private double balance = 0; //账户余额
public Account(String owner,double init) {
this.owner = owner;
this.balance = balance;
this.state = new NormalState(this); //设置初始状态
System.out.println(this.owner + "开户，初始金额为" + init);
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
}
public double getBalance() {
return this.balance;
}
public void setBalance(double balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
public void setState(AccountState state) {
this.state = state;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
System.out.println(this.owner + "存款" + amount);
state.deposit(amount); //调用状态对象的deposit()方法
System.out.println("现在余额为"+ this.balance);
System.out.println("现在帐户状态为"+ this.state.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
System.out.println(this.owner + "取款" + amount);
state.withdraw(amount); //调用状态对象的withdraw()方法
System.out.println("现在余额为"+ this.balance);
System.out.println("现在帐户状态为"+ this. state.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
}
public void computeInterest()
{
state.computeInterest(); //调用状态对象的computeInterest()方法
}
}
//抽象状态类
abstract class AccountState {
protected Account acc;
public abstract void deposit(double amount);
public abstract void withdraw(double amount);
public abstract void computeInterest();
public abstract void stateCheck();
}
//正常状态：具体状态类
class NormalState extends AccountState {
public NormalState(Account acc) {
this.acc = acc;
}
public NormalState(AccountState state) {
this.acc = state.acc;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
stateCheck();
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() - amount);
stateCheck();
}
public void computeInterest()
{
System.out.println("正常状态，无须支付利息！");
}
//状态转换
public void stateCheck() {
if (acc.getBalance() > -2000 && acc.getBalance() <= 0) {
acc.setState(new OverdraftState(this));
}
else if (acc.getBalance() == -2000) {
acc.setState(new RestrictedState(this));
}
else if (acc.getBalance() < -2000) {
System.out.println("操作受限！");
}
}
}
//透支状态：具体状态类
class OverdraftState extends AccountState
{
public OverdraftState(AccountState state) {
this.acc = state.acc;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
stateCheck();
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() - amount);
stateCheck();
}
public void computeInterest() {
System.out.println("计算利息！");
}
//状态转换
public void stateCheck() {
if (acc.getBalance() > 0) {
acc.setState(new NormalState(this));
}
else if (acc.getBalance() == -2000) {
acc.setState(new RestrictedState(this));
}
else if (acc.getBalance() < -2000) {
System.out.println("操作受限！");
}
}
}
//受限状态：具体状态类
class RestrictedState extends AccountState {
public RestrictedState(AccountState state) {
this.acc = state.acc;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
stateCheck();
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
System.out.println("帐号受限，取款失败");
}
public void computeInterest() {
System.out.println("计算利息！");
}
//状态转换
public void stateCheck() {
if(acc.getBalance() > 0) {
acc.setState(new NormalState(this));
}
else if(acc.getBalance() > -2000) {
acc.setState(new OverdraftState(this));
}
}
}
编写如下客户端测试代码：
class Client {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Account acc = new Account("段誉",0.0);
acc.deposit(1000);
acc.withdraw(2000);
acc.deposit(3000);
acc.withdraw(4000);
acc.withdraw(1000);
acc.computeInterest();
}
}
编译并运行程序，输出结果如下：
段誉开户，初始金额为0.0
---------------------------------------------
段誉存款1000.0
现在余额为1000.0
现在帐户状态为NormalState
---------------------------------------------
段誉取款2000.0
现在余额为-1000.0
现在帐户状态为OverdraftState
---------------------------------------------
段誉存款3000.0
现在余额为2000.0
现在帐户状态为NormalState
---------------------------------------------
段誉取款4000.0
现在余额为-2000.0
现在帐户状态为RestrictedState
---------------------------------------------
段誉取款1000.0
帐号受限，取款失败
现在余额为-2000.0
现在帐户状态为RestrictedState
---------------------------------------------
计算利息！
