2024-04-05  阅读(2)
原文作者:文先生的博客 原文地址: http://wenfh2020.com/2020/09/27/redis-sentinel-failover/

前面几章已经讲了:redis 集群各个角色之间的通信,主客观下线,投票选举;在选举中胜出的哨兵 leader,由它来完成 redis 集群的故障转移: redis 实例的角色转换


哨兵故障转移主体流程:

master 主观下线 -> master 客观下线 -> 选举 -> leader 筛选原 master 的最优 slave -> 晋升最优 slave 为新 master -> 通知原 master 的其它 slave 链接新 master -> 结束故障转移 -> 更新新 master 的存储结构关系 -> 旧 master 重新上线被降级为 slave。



1. 故障转移

故障转移由许多环节组成,集群中每个 sentinel 都有机会实行,但是只有在选举过程中赢得选票的人,才可以完整完成整个故障转移流程。

1.1. 流程

sentinel 节点故障转移流程的几个环节:

 
    /* 初始状态。*/
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_NONE 0               /* No failover in progress. */
    /* 开始进入选举投票状态。*/
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_START 1         /* Wait for failover_start_time*/
    /* 选出最优 slave。 */
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SELECT_SLAVE 2       /* Select slave to promote */
    /* 提升最优 slave 为新master。 */
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SEND_SLAVEOF_NOONE 3 /* Slave -> Master */
    /* 等待最优 slave 成功晋升:info 回复 role:master。 */
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION 4     /* Wait slave to change role */
    /* slaves 连接新 master。 */
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_RECONF_SLAVES 5      /* SLAVEOF newmaster */
    /* slave 成功晋升 master 后,更新 master <--> slave 的数据结构关系。 */
    #define SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_UPDATE_CONFIG 6      /* Monitor promoted slave. */
    
    /* 进入故障转移流程。*/
    void sentinelFailoverStateMachine(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        serverAssert(ri->flags & SRI_MASTER);
    
        /* 确保当前没有故障转移正在执行。*/
        if (!(ri->flags & SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS)) return;
    
        switch (ri->failover_state) {
            case SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_START:
                sentinelFailoverWaitStart(ri);
                break;
            case SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SELECT_SLAVE:
                sentinelFailoverSelectSlave(ri);
                break;
            case SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SEND_SLAVEOF_NOONE:
                sentinelFailoverSendSlaveOfNoOne(ri);
                break;
            case SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION:
                sentinelFailoverWaitPromotion(ri);
                break;
            case SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_RECONF_SLAVES:
                sentinelFailoverReconfNextSlave(ri);
                break;
        }
    }

1.2. 测试

3 个 sentinel,3 个 redis 实例,一主两从。关闭主服务,再重新启动主服务,通过 sentinel 日志看看故障转移情况。

  • 测试节点。
node ip port
sentinelA 127.0.0.1 26379
sentinelB 127.0.0.1 26377
sentinelC 127.0.0.1 26378
master 127.0.0.1 6379
slave 127.0.0.1 6378
slave2 127.0.0.1 6377

202404052229441401.png

 
    #!/bin/sh
    ...
    # 关闭所有 redis 进程。
    kill_redis
    # 开启所有 sentinel 进程。
    start_sentinels
    # 打印 sentinel 进程信息。
    redis_info redis-sentinel
    # 开启所有 redis 进程。
    start_redis
    # 打印 redis 进程信息。
    redis_info redis-server
    # 将 6379 端口的 redis 设置为 master。
    remaster 6379
    # 向 redis 进程获取角色信息。
    redis_role
    # 向 sentinel 获取角色信息。
    get_master_info_from_sentinel 26379
    # 等待足够长时间,让 sentinel 发现所有节点,彼此建立通信。
    sleep 100
    # 关闭 6379 进程。
    shutdown_redis 6379
    # 等待 sentinel 故障转移成功(一般很快,根据需要设置时间。)
    echo 'failover wait for 30s......'
    sleep 30
    # 模拟将下线的 6379 master 重新上线。
    remaster_redis 6379
    sleep 5
    ...
    # 查看 sentinel 日志,观察工作流程。
  • sentinel-26379 故障转移日志,它在选举中赢得选票,执行完整的故障转移流程。
 
    32121:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.145 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    32121:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.145 # Redis version=5.9.104, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=32121, just started
    32121:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.145 # Configuration loaded
    # 当前 sentinel 端口为 26379
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.147 * Running mode=sentinel, port=26379.
    # 当前 sentinel runnid: 0400c9**
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.148 # Sentinel ID is 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6
    # 修改 sentinel 监控对象,监控端口为 6379 的 master。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:54.148 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378 quorum 2
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.211 # -monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.237 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 quorum 2
    # 设置故障转移有效时间段为 10 秒。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.254 # +set master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 failover-timeout 10000
    # 从 master 6379 中发现 slave 6378。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.291 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 当前 sentinel 通过 hello 频道的订阅信息,发现其它的 sentinel。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.271 * +sentinel sentinel 989f0e00789a0b41cff738704ce8b04bad306714 127.0.0.1 26378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.290 * +sentinel sentinel de0ffb0d63f77605db3fccb959f67b65b8fdb529 127.0.0.1 26377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 从 master 6379 中发现 slave 6377。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:10.359 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    ---
    # 发现 master 6379 主观下线。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.408 # +sdown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 确认 master 6379 客观下线。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.474 # +odown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 #quorum 3/2
    # 开始进入选举环节,选举纪元(计数器) 29。(这个测试日志不是第一次,所以纪元有历史数据。)
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.474 # +new-epoch 29
    # 尝试对 6379 开启故障转移流程,注意:这里还没正式开启,只有在选举中获胜的 sentinel 才会正式开启。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.474 # +try-failover master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 当前 sentinel 没发现其它 sentinel 向它拉票,所以它把选票投给了自己。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.494 # +vote-for-leader 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 29
    # 26378 把票投给了当前 sentinel。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.501 # 989f0e00789a0b41cff738704ce8b04bad306714 voted for 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 29
    # 26377 把票投给了当前 sentinel。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.501 # de0ffb0d63f77605db3fccb959f67b65b8fdb529 voted for 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 29
    # 当前 sentinel 赢得选票,开启对 6379 开启故障转移。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.560 # +elected-leader master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 进入筛选最优 slave 环节。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.560 # +failover-state-select-slave master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 筛选出最优 slave 为 6377。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.626 # +selected-slave slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 发送 "slaveof no one" 给 6377 提升它为 master。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.626 * +failover-state-send-slaveof-noone slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 等待 6378 晋升结果。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.697 * +failover-state-wait-promotion slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 6377 晋升 master 成功。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.273 # +promoted-slave slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 进入重置关系环节,连接旧 master 的 slaves 连接新的 master。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.273 # +failover-state-reconf-slaves master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 给 6378 发送 "slaveof" 命令,让 slave 6378 连接新 master 6377。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.348 * +slave-reconf-sent slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.615 # -odown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # slave 6378 接收命令 "slaveof",成功更新配置。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.317 * +slave-reconf-inprog slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # slave 6378 成功连接新 master 6377。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.317 * +slave-reconf-done slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 连接旧 master 6379 所有的 slave 都处理完了,结束故障转移。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.388 # +failover-end master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # slave 6377 成功晋升 master,所以要更新当前 master 信息 6379 --> 6377。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.388 # +switch-master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 127.0.0.1 6377
    # master / slave 重新建立联系。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.389 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 旧 master 6379 变成了新 master 6377 的 slave。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:53.389 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 重新连接,发现 6379 没上线,标识它为主观下线,因为它不是 master 了,不需要走确认客观下线流程。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:08:23.392 # +sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    ---
    # 当前 sentinel 发现旧 master 6379 重新上线,去掉它主观下线标识。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:10:22.709 # -sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 旧 master 角色还是 master,被 sentinel 降级为 slave。
    32123:X 30 Sep 2020 15:10:42.730 * +convert-to-slave slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
  • sentinel-26378 故障转移日志。
 
    32129:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.149 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    32129:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.149 # Redis version=5.9.104, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=32129, just started
    32129:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.149 # Configuration loaded
    # 当前 sentinel 端口为 26378。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.151 * Running mode=sentinel, port=26378.
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.152 # Sentinel ID is 989f0e00789a0b41cff738704ce8b04bad306714
    # 修改 sentinel 监控对象,监控端口为 6379 的 master。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:55.152 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378 quorum 2
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.220 # -monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.243 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 quorum 2
    # 设置故障转移有效时间段为 10 秒。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.259 # +set master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 failover-timeout 10000
    # 发现 slave 节点 6378。(已知节点会保存在 sentinel.conf 中,启动会加载。)
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.284 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 发现 sentinel 节点。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.290 * +sentinel sentinel de0ffb0d63f77605db3fccb959f67b65b8fdb529 127.0.0.1 26377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.305 * +sentinel sentinel 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 127.0.0.1 26379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 发现 slave 节点 6377。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:10.345 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 检测到 master 6379 主观下线。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.396 # +sdown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.497 # +new-epoch 29
    # 收到 26379 的拉票,选票还没有投给其它人,那选票投给 26379 并选出了 leader 为 26379。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.500 # +vote-for-leader 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 29
    # 检测到 master 6379 客观下线。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.500 # +odown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 #quorum 2/2
    # 满足开启故障转移条件,但是 26379 先开启了故障转移,那只有等待到一个 failover-timeout 过期才能进行下一轮故障转移。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.500 # Next failover delay: I will not start a failover before Wed Sep 30 15:08:12 2020
    # sentinel 26379 已经成功将 slave 6377 晋升为 master,它通过 hello 频道通知其它的 sentinel。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.350 # +config-update-from sentinel 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 127.0.0.1 26379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    # 更新 master 数据,
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.350 # +switch-master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 更新 master <--> slaves 的拓扑关系:
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.350 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.350 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 6379 没有上线,所以标识为主观下线。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:08:22.354 # +sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    # 旧 master 6379 重新上线,当前 sentinel 去掉主观下线标识。
    32131:X 30 Sep 2020 15:10:23.166 # -sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
  • sentinel-26377 故障转移日志(跟 sentinel-26378 日志差不多,不详细注释了。)
 
    32138:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.151 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    32138:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.151 # Redis version=5.9.104, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=32138, just started
    32138:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.151 # Configuration loaded
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.155 * Running mode=sentinel, port=26377.
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.156 # Sentinel ID is de0ffb0d63f77605db3fccb959f67b65b8fdb529
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:06:56.156 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378 quorum 2
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.227 # -monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6378
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.250 # +monitor master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 quorum 2
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.265 # +set master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 failover-timeout 10000
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:00.284 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.271 * +sentinel sentinel 989f0e00789a0b41cff738704ce8b04bad306714 127.0.0.1 26378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:02.305 * +sentinel sentinel 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 127.0.0.1 26379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:10.332 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6377 127.0.0.1 6377 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.371 # +sdown master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.498 # +new-epoch 29
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:51.500 # +vote-for-leader 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 29
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.349 # +config-update-from sentinel 0400c9170654ecbaeaf98fedb1630486e5f8f5b6 127.0.0.1 26379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.349 # +switch-master mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 127.0.0.1 6377
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.349 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6378 127.0.0.1 6378 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:07:52.349 * +slave slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:08:22.379 # +sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377
    32140:X 30 Sep 2020 15:10:22.900 # -sdown slave 127.0.0.1:6379 127.0.0.1 6379 @ mymaster 127.0.0.1 6377

2. 源码流程

2.1. 开启故障转移

满足故障转移条件后,开启故障转移,进入投票选举环节。

 
    /* 定时检查 master 故障情况情况。*/
    void sentinelHandleRedisInstance(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        ...
        if (ri->flags & SRI_MASTER) {
            ...
            /* 是否满足故障转移条件,开启故障转移。 */
            if (sentinelStartFailoverIfNeeded(ri)) {
                ...
            }
            /* 通过状态机,处理故障转移对应各个环节。*/
            sentinelFailoverStateMachine(ri);
            ...
        }
    }
    
    /* 是否满足故障转移条件,开启故障转移。 */
    int sentinelStartFailoverIfNeeded(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        ...
        /* 1. 检测到 master 客观下线。
         * 2. 没有正在对该客观下线的 master 进行故障转移。
         * 3. 需要与一个故障转移相隔一段足够长的时间。*/
        sentinelStartFailover(master);
        return 1;
    }
    
    /* 开启故障转移。*/
    void sentinelStartFailover(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        ...
        master->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_START;
        master->flags |= SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS;
        master->failover_start_time = mstime() + rand() % SENTINEL_MAX_DESYNC;
        ...
    }

2.2. 统计投票结果

开启故障转移后,要经过选举投票环节,经过票数统计,确认当前 sentinel 在选举中胜出,当前 sentinel 节点作为 leader 执行下一个环节:筛选客观下线 master 的最优 slave。

 
    void sentinelFailoverWaitStart(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        char *leader;
        int isleader;
    
        /* 统计故障转移票数。*/
        leader = sentinelGetLeader(ri, ri->failover_epoch);
        isleader = leader && strcasecmp(leader, sentinel.myid) == 0;
        sdsfree(leader);
    
        /* 选举出来的 leader 如果不是自己,或者这次故障转移不是强制执行。
         * 那么不能执行故障转移余下环节。*/
        if (!isleader && !(ri->flags & SRI_FORCE_FAILOVER)) {
            int election_timeout = SENTINEL_ELECTION_TIMEOUT;
            ...
            /* 如果我不是投票的 winner,那么一段时间后,退出故障转移工作流程。*/
            if (mstime() - ri->failover_start_time > election_timeout) {
                sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "-failover-abort-not-elected", ri, "%@");
                sentinelAbortFailover(ri);
            }
            return;
        }
        ...
        /* 符合故障转移条件,执行故障转移下一个环节:筛选 master 对应的优质的 slave。 */
        ri->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SELECT_SLAVE;
        ri->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
        ...
    }
    
    /* 退出故障转移流程,恢复相关数据标识。 */
    void sentinelAbortFailover(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        serverAssert(ri->flags & SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS);
        serverAssert(ri->failover_state <= SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION);
    
        ri->flags &= ~(SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS | SRI_FORCE_FAILOVER);
        ri->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_NONE;
        ri->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
        if (ri->promoted_slave) {
            ri->promoted_slave->flags &= ~SRI_PROMOTED;
            ri->promoted_slave = NULL;
        }
    }

2.3. 筛选最优 slave

筛选方法:先遍历 master 的 slaves,找出网络连接没有异常的 slave,将它们放进候选数组中,再通过快速排序从候选名单中筛选出最优的 slave。

最优 slave 需要具备条件:

  1. 网络连接没有处于异常状态的。
  2. 优先级小的。
  3. 数据复制偏移量比较大的。
  4. slave runid 字符串进行比较,筛选比较结果小于 0 的。

下面是筛选流程,英文文档:

 
    /* Select a suitable slave to promote. The current algorithm only uses
     * the following parameters:
     *
     * 1) None of the following conditions: S_DOWN, O_DOWN, DISCONNECTED.
     * 2) Last time the slave replied to ping no more than 5 times the PING period.
     * 3) info_refresh not older than 3 times the INFO refresh period.
     * 4) master_link_down_time no more than:
     *     (now - master->s_down_since_time) + (master->down_after_period * 10).
     *    Basically since the master is down from our POV, the slave reports
     *    to be disconnected no more than 10 times the configured down-after-period.
     *    This is pretty much black magic but the idea is, the master was not
     *    available so the slave may be lagging, but not over a certain time.
     *    Anyway we'll select the best slave according to replication offset.
     * 5) Slave priority can't be zero, otherwise the slave is discarded.
     *
     * Among all the slaves matching the above conditions we select the slave
     * with, in order of sorting key:
     *
     * - lower slave_priority.
     * - bigger processed replication offset.
     * - lexicographically smaller runid.
     *
     * Basically if runid is the same, the slave that processed more commands
     * from the master is selected.
     *
     * The function returns the pointer to the selected slave, otherwise
     * NULL if no suitable slave was found.
     */
 
    void sentinelFailoverSelectSlave(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        /* 选择优质 slave。 */
        sentinelRedisInstance *slave = sentinelSelectSlave(ri);
    
        /* 如果 master 没有 slave 那么退出故障转移。 */
        if (slave == NULL) {
            sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "-failover-abort-no-good-slave", ri, "%@");
            sentinelAbortFailover(ri);
        } else {
            /* 进入提升角色环节,要将优质 slave 提升为 master。 */
            sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "+selected-slave", slave, "%@");
            slave->flags |= SRI_PROMOTED;
            /* 记录需要提升角色的 slave。 */
            ri->promoted_slave = slave;
            /* 进入提升角色环节。 */
            ri->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_SEND_SLAVEOF_NOONE;
            ri->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
            sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+failover-state-send-slaveof-noone", slave, "%@");
        }
    }
    
    sentinelRedisInstance *sentinelSelectSlave(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        sentinelRedisInstance **instance =
            zmalloc(sizeof(instance[0]) * dictSize(master->slaves));
        sentinelRedisInstance *selected = NULL;
        int instances = 0;
        dictIterator *di;
        dictEntry *de;
        mstime_t max_master_down_time = 0;
    
        if (master->flags & SRI_S_DOWN) {
            max_master_down_time += mstime() - master->s_down_since_time;
        }
        max_master_down_time += master->down_after_period * 10;
    
        /* 遍历客观下线的 master 的 slaves,筛选最优的 slave。 */
        di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
        while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
            mstime_t info_validity_time;
    
            /* 已经下线的 slave 不要选。 */
            if (slave->flags & (SRI_S_DOWN | SRI_O_DOWN)) continue;
            /* 已经断开连接的 slave 不要选。 */
            if (slave->link->disconnected) continue;
            /* 链接不是很好的,已经一段时间没有收到数据包的,不要选。 */
            if (mstime() - slave->link->last_avail_time > SENTINEL_PING_PERIOD * 5) continue;
            /* 优先级为 0 的,不要选。 */
            if (slave->slave_priority == 0) continue;
    
            /* 如果 master 已经主观下线,那么修改获取 info 信息的有效时间间隔。 */
            if (master->flags & SRI_S_DOWN)
                info_validity_time = SENTINEL_PING_PERIOD * 5;
            else
                info_validity_time = SENTINEL_INFO_PERIOD * 3;
    
            /* 当获取的 info 信息的有效间间隔太长,不要选。因为在故障转移过程中,
             * sentinel 给 slave 发送 INFO 命令的频率会提高到一秒一次。
             * 详细参考 sentinelSendPeriodicCommands。如果 INFO 命令回复太慢,
             * 说明该 slave 处在异常状态下。*/
            if (mstime() - slave->info_refresh > info_validity_time) continue;
            /* 如果该 slave 与 master 断开连接时间间隔过长,不要选。 */
            if (slave->master_link_down_time > max_master_down_time) continue;
    
            /* 经过一系列筛选,将满足条件的 slave 添加到候选名单中去。 */
            instance[instances++] = slave;
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
        if (instances) {
            /* 通过快速排序,二次筛选在候选名单里的 slave,选出最优的 slave。 */
            qsort(instance, instances, sizeof(sentinelRedisInstance *),
                  compareSlavesForPromotion);
            selected = instance[0];
        }
        zfree(instance);
        return selected;
    }
    
    /* 通过快排从 slave 候选名单中筛选出最优 slave。 */
    int compareSlavesForPromotion(const void *a, const void *b) {
        sentinelRedisInstance **sa = (sentinelRedisInstance **)a,
                              **sb = (sentinelRedisInstance **)b;
        char *sa_runid, *sb_runid;
    
        if ((*sa)->slave_priority != (*sb)->slave_priority)
            return (*sa)->slave_priority - (*sb)->slave_priority;
    
        /* 选最大数据复制偏移量的 slave。 */
        if ((*sa)->slave_repl_offset > (*sb)->slave_repl_offset) {
            return -1; /* a < b */
        } else if ((*sa)->slave_repl_offset < (*sb)->slave_repl_offset) {
            return 1; /* a > b */
        }
    
        /* 如果上述条件都满足,那么对比候选 slave 的 runid 字符串,进行筛选。*/
        sa_runid = (*sa)->runid;
        sb_runid = (*sb)->runid;
        if (sa_runid == NULL && sb_runid == NULL)
            return 0;
        else if (sa_runid == NULL)
            return 1; /* a > b */
        else if (sb_runid == NULL)
            return -1; /* a < b */
        return strcasecmp(sa_runid, sb_runid);
    }

2.4. slave 晋升 master

sentinel leader 给 slave 发送 slaveof 命令,使得 master 客观下线后,原来链接客观下线 master 的 slaves,能重新建立 master <–> slave 的关系。

sentinel leader 给筛选出来的 slave 中发送 slave no one 命令,使得该 slave 成为 master 角色。

 
    /* 发送命令 "slaveof no one"。 */
    void sentinelFailoverSendSlaveOfNoOne(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        int retval;
        ...
        /* sentinel 给筛选出来的 slave 发送 "slaveof no one" 命令,让该 slave 成为 master。
         * sentinel 并不关心命令返回的结果,因为它通过发送 “info” 命令,确认它的角色是否发生改变。 */
        retval = sentinelSendSlaveOf(ri->promoted_slave, NULL, 0);
        if (retval != C_OK) return;
        sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+failover-state-wait-promotion",
                      ri->promoted_slave, "%@");
        ri->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION;
        ri->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
    }
    
    /* 通过事务给 slave 发命令,使得 redis 实例间重新建立主从关系。 */
    int sentinelSendSlaveOf(sentinelRedisInstance *ri, char *host, int port) {
        ...
        if (host == NULL) {
            host = "NO";
            memcpy(portstr, "ONE", 4);
        }
        ...
        /* 为了安全起见,几条命令,通过事务方式发送。 */
        retval = redisAsyncCommand(ri->link->cc,
                                   sentinelDiscardReplyCallback, ri, "%s",
                                   sentinelInstanceMapCommand(ri, "MULTI"));
        ...
        /* 给 slave 发 "slaveof" 命令。 */
        retval = redisAsyncCommand(ri->link->cc,
                                   sentinelDiscardReplyCallback, ri, "%s %s %s",
                                   sentinelInstanceMapCommand(ri, "SLAVEOF"),
                                   host, portstr);
        ...
        /* 给 slave 发配置重写命令,上一条命令使得 slaves 之间的关系发生改变
         * (slaveof/replicaof <masterip> <masterport>),
         * redis 需要将其写入 redis.conf 配置文件。 */
        retval = redisAsyncCommand(ri->link->cc,
                                   sentinelDiscardReplyCallback, ri, "%s REWRITE",
                                   sentinelInstanceMapCommand(ri, "CONFIG"));
        ...
        /* 通知 slave 关闭 normal 和 pubsub 的连接,使得在故障转移过程中,
         * 原来接入的客户端在断开连接后,能够重新获取 master,重新连接。
         * 当前 sentinel 与 slave 的连接,在 slave 回复后,也会断开。
         * 详细参考 networking.c/void clientCommand(client *c) 实现。*/
        for (int type = 0; type < 2; type++) {
            retval = redisAsyncCommand(ri->link->cc,
                                       sentinelDiscardReplyCallback, ri, "%s KILL TYPE %s",
                                       sentinelInstanceMapCommand(ri, "CLIENT"),
                                       type == 0 ? "normal" : "pubsub");
            ...
        }
    
        /* 提交事务。 */
        retval = redisAsyncCommand(ri->link->cc,
                                   sentinelDiscardReplyCallback, ri, "%s",
                                   sentinelInstanceMapCommand(ri, "EXEC"));
        ...
        return C_OK;
    }

2.5. 等待 slave 晋升成功

当 sentinel leader 给 slave 发送命令后,sentinel leader 需要通过发送 info 命令给 slave,并根据命令的回复内容,确认 slave 是否成功转换为 master。

因为 redis 是异步通信,发送命令给最优 slave 后,slave 会断开所有 “normal” 和 “pubsub” 连接,其它 client 也会重新连接。这个过程需要时间,但是这个过程的时间间隔不能超过 failover_timeout 故障转移时间,否则将退出故障转移流程。


当 slave 回复命令 info 内容,说明已经成功晋升为 master,进入故障转移下一步。

 
    /* We actually wait for promotion indirectly checking with INFO when the
     * slave turns into a master. */
    void sentinelFailoverWaitPromotion(sentinelRedisInstance *ri) {
        /* Just handle the timeout. Switching to the next state is handled
         * by the function parsing the INFO command of the promoted slave. */
        if (mstime() - ri->failover_state_change_time > ri->failover_timeout) {
            sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "-failover-abort-slave-timeout", ri, "%@");
            sentinelAbortFailover(ri);
        }
    }
    
    /* 当 slave 回复 info,已经成功晋升为 master,进入故障转移下一步。 */
    void sentinelRefreshInstanceInfo(sentinelRedisInstance *ri, const char *info) {
        ...
        if ((ri->flags & SRI_SLAVE) && role == SRI_MASTER) {
            if ((ri->flags & SRI_PROMOTED) &&
                (ri->master->flags & SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS) &&
                (ri->master->failover_state == SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION)) {
                ...
                ri->master->config_epoch = ri->master->failover_epoch;
                /* 进入 SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_RECONF_SLAVES 环节。 */
                ri->master->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_RECONF_SLAVES;
                ri->master->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
                ...
            }
        }
        ...
    }

2.6. slaves <–> new master

当最优 slave 成功晋升为 master 后,sentinel leader 再通过 SLAVEOF 命令,让其它的 slave 接入到新的 master 中去。


2.6.1. slave/master 连接状态

 
    #define SRI_RECONF_SENT (1 << 8)          /* SLAVEOF <newmaster> sent. */
    #define SRI_RECONF_INPROG (1 << 9)        /* Slave synchronization in progress. */
    #define SRI_RECONF_DONE (1 << 10)         /* Slave synchronized with new master. */
 
    /* Send SLAVE OF <new master address> to all the remaining slaves that
     * still don't appear to have the configuration updated. */
    void sentinelFailoverReconfNextSlave(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        dictIterator *di;
        dictEntry *de;
        int in_progress = 0;
    
        /* 统计正在操作的 slave 个数。 */
        di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
        while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
            if (slave->flags & (SRI_RECONF_SENT | SRI_RECONF_INPROG))
                in_progress++;
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    
        di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
        /* 遍历 slave 进行 reconf,arallel_syncs 限制每次 reconf 的 slave 个数,避免操作失败。 */
        while (in_progress < master->parallel_syncs && (de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
            int retval;
    
            /* 跳过已经晋升为 master 的 slave 或者已经成功处理 slaveof 命令的 slave。 */
            if (slave->flags & (SRI_PROMOTED | SRI_RECONF_DONE)) continue;
    
            /* 如果 slave 接收命令 slaveof 后,长时间没有更新配置成功,那么终止对它的 reconf 操作。 */
            if ((slave->flags & SRI_RECONF_SENT) &&
                (mstime() - slave->slave_reconf_sent_time) > SENTINEL_SLAVE_RECONF_TIMEOUT) {
                sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "-slave-reconf-sent-timeout", slave, "%@");
                slave->flags &= ~SRI_RECONF_SENT;
                slave->flags |= SRI_RECONF_DONE;
            }
    
            /* 跳过已发送 reconf 成功的。 */
            if (slave->flags & (SRI_RECONF_SENT | SRI_RECONF_INPROG)) continue;
            /* 不处理断线的 slave。 */
            if (slave->link->disconnected) continue;
    
            /* 发送命令 "SLAVEOF <new master>"。 */
            retval = sentinelSendSlaveOf(slave,
                                         master->promoted_slave->addr->ip,
                                         master->promoted_slave->addr->port);
            if (retval == C_OK) {
                /* 更新 reconf 状态。 */
                slave->flags |= SRI_RECONF_SENT;
                slave->slave_reconf_sent_time = mstime();
                sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+slave-reconf-sent", slave, "%@");
                in_progress++;
            }
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    
        /* Check if all the slaves are reconfigured and handle timeout. */
        sentinelFailoverDetectEnd(master);
    }

2.6.2. info 回复刷新状态

sentinel leader 给 slave 发送 “slaveof” 命令,使得连接旧的 master 的 slave 去连接新 master。但是 sentinel leader 不会通过 “slaveof” 命令的回复获得结果,而是发完命令后,定时给 slave 发 “info” 命令,从 “info” 命令回复内容中,确认,slave 是否已经与新 masger 成功建立连接。

 
    void sentinelRefreshInstanceInfo(sentinelRedisInstance *ri, const char *info) {
        ...
        /* 检测 slave 连接新 master 的状态。 */
        if ((ri->flags & SRI_SLAVE) && role == SRI_SLAVE &&
            (ri->flags & (SRI_RECONF_SENT | SRI_RECONF_INPROG))) {
            /* sentinel 收到 slave 的 info 回复,配置成功更新,修改状态为进行中:
             * SRI_RECONF_SENT -> SRI_RECONF_INPROG. */
            if ((ri->flags & SRI_RECONF_SENT) && ri->slave_master_host &&
                strcmp(ri->slave_master_host, ri->master->promoted_slave->addr->ip) == 0 &&
                ri->slave_master_port == ri->master->promoted_slave->addr->port) {
                ri->flags &= ~SRI_RECONF_SENT;
                /* 进入“进行中”状态。 */
                ri->flags |= SRI_RECONF_INPROG;
                sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+slave-reconf-inprog", ri, "%@");
            }
    
            /* 当 slave 已经连接上 master 了,更新状态为结束:
             * SRI_RECONF_INPROG -> SRI_RECONF_DONE。 */
            if ((ri->flags & SRI_RECONF_INPROG) &&
                ri->slave_master_link_status == SENTINEL_MASTER_LINK_STATUS_UP) {
                ri->flags &= ~SRI_RECONF_INPROG;
                ri->flags |= SRI_RECONF_DONE;
                sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+slave-reconf-done", ri, "%@");
            }
        }
        ...
    }

2.7. 结束故障转移

检查原连接客观掉线的 slaves 是否已经全部成功连接新 master 了,或者这个环节是否处理超时。出现上述任何一种情况,故障转移都会结束。在故障转移结束前,如果还有剩余的 slaves 没有连上新 master,那么 sentinel leader,会再做一次努力,对它们再次发送 “slaveof” 命令。


 
    void sentinelFailoverDetectEnd(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        int not_reconfigured = 0, timeout = 0;
        dictIterator *di;
        dictEntry *de;
        mstime_t elapsed = mstime() - master->failover_state_change_time;
    
        /* We can't consider failover finished if the promoted slave is
         * not reachable. */
        if (master->promoted_slave == NULL ||
            master->promoted_slave->flags & SRI_S_DOWN) return;
    
        /* 统计没有 reconf 的 slave 个数。 */
        di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
        while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
            if (slave->flags & (SRI_PROMOTED | SRI_RECONF_DONE)) continue;
            if (slave->flags & SRI_S_DOWN) continue;
            not_reconfigured++;
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    
        /* 如果 slave reconf 超时,需要强制结束这个环节。*/
        if (elapsed > master->failover_timeout) {
            not_reconfigured = 0;
            timeout = 1;
            sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "+failover-end-for-timeout", master, "%@");
        }
    
        if (not_reconfigured == 0) {
            sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "+failover-end", master, "%@");
            /* 当没有 reconf 的 slave 了进入下一个故障转移环节。*/
            master->failover_state = SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_UPDATE_CONFIG;
            master->failover_state_change_time = mstime();
        }
    
        /* 如果 slave reconf 超时了,作为 sentinel leader 为了提高 slave reconf 的成功率。
         * 在故障转移结束前,再做最后一次努力:对没有连接新 master 的 slave,再发一次 "slaveof" 命令。*/
        if (timeout) {
            dictIterator *di;
            dictEntry *de;
    
            di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
            while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
                sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
                int retval;
    
                if (slave->flags & (SRI_PROMOTED | SRI_RECONF_DONE | SRI_RECONF_SENT)) continue;
                if (slave->link->disconnected) continue;
    
                retval = sentinelSendSlaveOf(slave,
                                             master->promoted_slave->addr->ip,
                                             master->promoted_slave->addr->port);
                if (retval == C_OK) {
                    sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+slave-reconf-sent-be", slave, "%@");
                    slave->flags |= SRI_RECONF_SENT;
                }
            }
            dictReleaseIterator(di);
        }
    }

2.8. 更新新 master 信息

sentinel 存储节点信息的拓扑结构(如下图),所以当故障转移成功,sentinel leader 理应更新对应节点的数据和数据结构关系。

202404052229459932.png

 
    /* 定时监控节点的工作情况。 */
    void sentinelHandleDictOfRedisInstances(dict *instances) {
        ...
        di = dictGetIterator(instances);
        while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *ri = dictGetVal(de);
            ...
            if (ri->flags & SRI_MASTER) {
                ...
                if (ri->failover_state == SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_UPDATE_CONFIG) {
                    /* 故障转移结束,更新 master 最新信息。*/
                    switch_to_promoted = ri;
                }
            }
        }
        if (switch_to_promoted)
            sentinelFailoverSwitchToPromotedSlave(switch_to_promoted);
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    }
    
    /* 故障转移成功以后,新的 master 信息替换旧的。*/
    void sentinelFailoverSwitchToPromotedSlave(sentinelRedisInstance *master) {
        sentinelRedisInstance *ref = master->promoted_slave ? master->promoted_slave : master;
    
        sentinelEvent(LL_WARNING, "+switch-master", master, "%s %s %d %s %d",
                      master->name, master->addr->ip, master->addr->port,
                      ref->addr->ip, ref->addr->port);
    
        sentinelResetMasterAndChangeAddress(master, ref->addr->ip, ref->addr->port);
    }
    
    /* 重置旧 master 数据,建立新的 master <--> slave 数据关系。*/
    int sentinelResetMasterAndChangeAddress(sentinelRedisInstance *master, char *ip, int port) {
        sentinelAddr *oldaddr, *newaddr;
        sentinelAddr **slaves = NULL;
        int numslaves = 0, j;
        dictIterator *di;
        dictEntry *de;
    
        newaddr = createSentinelAddr(ip, port);
        if (newaddr == NULL) return C_ERR;
    
        /* 将原来连接 master 的 slaves 重新放进一个 slaves 数组。 */
        di = dictGetIterator(master->slaves);
        while ((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave = dictGetVal(de);
    
            /* 如果是晋升 master 的 slave,不要放进数组。*/
            if (sentinelAddrIsEqual(slave->addr, newaddr)) continue;
            slaves = zrealloc(slaves, sizeof(sentinelAddr *) * (numslaves + 1));
            slaves[numslaves++] = createSentinelAddr(slave->addr->ip, slave->addr->port);
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    
        /* 我们把旧的 master 添加到 slaves 数组,因为旧的 master 有可能重新上线,
         * sentinel 会给它发 "slaveof" 命令,让它角色下降为 slave。*/
        if (!sentinelAddrIsEqual(newaddr, master->addr)) {
            slaves = zrealloc(slaves, sizeof(sentinelAddr *) * (numslaves + 1));
            slaves[numslaves++] = createSentinelAddr(master->addr->ip, master->addr->port);
        }
    
        /* 重置旧 master 数据,填充新的信息,使得旧 master 变成新 master。 */
        sentinelResetMaster(master, SENTINEL_RESET_NO_SENTINELS);
        oldaddr = master->addr;
        master->addr = newaddr;
        master->o_down_since_time = 0;
        master->s_down_since_time = 0;
    
        /* 新建 slaves 实例与新 master 建立关系。*/
        for (j = 0; j < numslaves; j++) {
            sentinelRedisInstance *slave;
    
            slave = createSentinelRedisInstance(NULL, SRI_SLAVE, slaves[j]->ip,
                                                slaves[j]->port, master->quorum, master);
            releaseSentinelAddr(slaves[j]);
            if (slave) sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+slave", slave, "%@");
        }
        zfree(slaves);
    
        /* Release the old address at the end so we are safe even if the function
         * gets the master->addr->ip and master->addr->port as arguments. */
        releaseSentinelAddr(oldaddr);
        sentinelFlushConfig();
        return C_OK;
    }

2.9. 旧 master 重新上线

原 master 恢复正常,重新连接 sentinel,这时候集群已经产生新的 master 了,所以旧 master,需要被 sentinel 降级为 slave。

 
    /* info 命令回复 */
    void sentinelRefreshInstanceInfo(sentinelRedisInstance *ri, const char *info) {
        ...
        /* sentinel 将旧 master 记录为 slave 了,旧 master 通过 info 还上报 master 角色。 
         * 需要发送 "slaveof" 命令将它降级为 slave。*/
        if ((ri->flags & SRI_SLAVE) && role == SRI_MASTER) {
            /* If this is a promoted slave we can change state to the
             * failover state machine. */
            if ((ri->flags & SRI_PROMOTED) &&
                (ri->master->flags & SRI_FAILOVER_IN_PROGRESS) &&
                (ri->master->failover_state == SENTINEL_FAILOVER_STATE_WAIT_PROMOTION)) {
                ...
            } else {
                mstime_t wait_time = SENTINEL_PUBLISH_PERIOD * 4;
                if (!(ri->flags & SRI_PROMOTED) &&
                    sentinelMasterLooksSane(ri->master) &&
                    sentinelRedisInstanceNoDownFor(ri, wait_time) &&
                    mstime() - ri->role_reported_time > wait_time) {
                    /* 发送 "slaveof" 命令。 */
                    int retval = sentinelSendSlaveOf(ri,
                                                     ri->master->addr->ip,
                                                     ri->master->addr->port);
                    if (retval == C_OK)
                        sentinelEvent(LL_NOTICE, "+convert-to-slave", ri, "%@");
                }
            }
        }
        ...
    }

3. 参考


Java 面试宝典是大明哥全力打造的 Java 精品面试题,它是一份靠谱、强大、详细、经典的 Java 后端面试宝典。它不仅仅只是一道道面试题,而是一套完整的 Java 知识体系,一套你 Java 知识点的扫盲贴。

它的内容包括:

  • 大厂真题:Java 面试宝典里面的题目都是最近几年的高频的大厂面试真题。
  • 原创内容:Java 面试宝典内容全部都是大明哥原创,内容全面且通俗易懂,回答部分可以直接作为面试回答内容。
  • 持续更新:一次购买,永久有效。大明哥会持续更新 3+ 年,累计更新 1000+,宝典会不断迭代更新,保证最新、最全面。
  • 覆盖全面:本宝典累计更新 1000+,从 Java 入门到 Java 架构的高频面试题,实现 360° 全覆盖。
  • 不止面试:内容包含面试题解析、内容详解、知识扩展,它不仅仅只是一份面试题,更是一套完整的 Java 知识体系。
  • 宝典详情:https://www.yuque.com/chenssy/sike-java/xvlo920axlp7sf4k
  • 宝典总览:https://www.yuque.com/chenssy/sike-java/yogsehzntzgp4ly1
  • 宝典进展:https://www.yuque.com/chenssy/sike-java/en9ned7loo47z5aw

目前 Java 面试宝典累计更新 400+ 道,总字数 42w+。大明哥还在持续更新中,下图是大明哥在 2024-12 月份的更新情况:

想了解详情的小伙伴,扫描下面二维码加大明哥微信【daming091】咨询

同时,大明哥也整理一套目前市面最常见的热点面试题。微信搜[大明哥聊 Java]或扫描下方二维码关注大明哥的原创公众号[大明哥聊 Java] ,回复【面试题】 即可免费领取。

阅读全文