2023-08-07  阅读(4)
原文作者:Ressmix 原文地址:https://www.tpvlog.com/article/239

上一章,我详细讲解了Eureka-Client全量拉取注册表的机制和原理。本章,我将讲解 增量拉取 注册表的原理,整体流程我用下面这张图表示。本章,读者应当重点掌握增量数据保存的设计思路,以及数据同步的 Hash比对 机制。

202308072151523121.png

一、Eureka-Client拉取流程

1.1 定时调度任务

DiscoveryClient在构造时,会启动一个定时调度任务,默认每隔 30秒 发送一次请求到Eureka-Server,拉取 增量 的注册表信息:

    DiscoveryClient(ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager, EurekaClientConfig config, AbstractDiscoveryClientOptionalArgs args, Provider<BackupRegistry> backupRegistryProvider) {
        //...
    
        try {
            // 定时调度线程池
            scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2,
                                                         new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
                                                         .setNameFormat("DiscoveryClient-%d")
                                                         .setDaemon(true)
                                                         .build());
            //...
    
            // 线程池,用来执行刷新本地缓存注册表的任务
            cacheRefreshExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                1, clientConfig.getCacheRefreshExecutorThreadPoolSize(), 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
                .setNameFormat("DiscoveryClient-CacheRefreshExecutor-%d")
                .setDaemon(true)
                .build()
            ); 
        //...
    
        // 初始化调度任务
        initScheduledTasks();
    
        //...
    }
    private void initScheduledTasks() {
        if (clientConfig.shouldFetchRegistry()) {
            // 参数eureka.client.refresh.interval可以设置注册表刷新间隔,默认30s
            int registryFetchIntervalSeconds = clientConfig.getRegistryFetchIntervalSeconds();
            // 重试延迟因子
            int expBackOffBound = clientConfig.getCacheRefreshExecutorExponentialBackOffBound();
            scheduler.schedule(
                new TimedSupervisorTask(
                    "cacheRefresh",
                    scheduler,
                    cacheRefreshExecutor,
                    registryFetchIntervalSeconds,
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    expBackOffBound,
                    // 关键看这个任务
                    new CacheRefreshThread()
                ),
                registryFetchIntervalSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
    
       //...
    }

真正执行任务的逻辑是在任务类CacheRefreshThread中:

    /**
    * DiscoveryClient.java
    */
    
    class CacheRefreshThread implements Runnable {
        public void run() {
            refreshRegistry();
        }
    }
    
    void refreshRegistry() {
        try {
            //...
            // 拉取注册表
            boolean success = fetchRegistry(remoteRegionsModified);
            //...
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            logger.error("Cannot fetch registry from server", e);
        }        
    }

最后,还是调用了DiscoveryClient#fetchRegistry(),此时本地缓存的注册表Applications不为null,最终会走 增量拉取 的逻辑DiscoveryClient.getAndUpdateDelta()

    /**
    * DiscoveryClient.java
    */
    
    private boolean fetchRegistry(boolean forceFullRegistryFetch) {
        Stopwatch tracer = FETCH_REGISTRY_TIMER.start();
    
        try {
            // 1.获取本地缓存的注册表
            Applications applications = getApplications();
    
            if (clientConfig.shouldDisableDelta()    // 如果禁用增量拉取注册表
                || (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(clientConfig.getRegistryRefreshSingleVipAddress()))
                || forceFullRegistryFetch
                || (applications == null)
                || (applications.getRegisteredApplications().size() == 0)
                || (applications.getVersion() == -1)) 
            {
                logger.info("Disable delta property : {}", clientConfig.shouldDisableDelta());
                logger.info("Single vip registry refresh property : {}", clientConfig.getRegistryRefreshSingleVipAddress());
                logger.info("Force full registry fetch : {}", forceFullRegistryFetch);
                logger.info("Application is null : {}", (applications == null));
                logger.info("Registered Applications size is zero : {}",
                            (applications.getRegisteredApplications().size() == 0));
                logger.info("Application version is -1: {}", (applications.getVersion() == -1));
    
                // 2.执行全量拉取并缓存
                getAndStoreFullRegistry();
            } else {
                // 3.执行增量拉取
                getAndUpdateDelta(applications);
            }
    
            // 4.设置应用集合hashcode
            applications.setAppsHashCode(applications.getReconcileHashCode());
            // 打印本地缓存的注册应用实例数量
            logTotalInstances();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            logger.error(PREFIX + appPathIdentifier + " - was unable to refresh its cache! status = " + e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        } finally {
            if (tracer != null) {
                tracer.stop();
            }
        }
    
        // ...
    
        // 5.以拉取到的注册表为准,更新本地缓存中当前应用实例的状态(只更新缓存)
        updateInstanceRemoteStatus();
    
        return true;
    }

1.2 getAndUpdateDelta增量拉取

增量拉取注册表的逻辑是在getAndUpdateDelta中,底层还是调用了AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient发送HTTP/GET请求到Eureka-Server,请求的URL形式类似http://localhost:8080/v2/apps/delta:

    /**
    * DiscoveryClient.java
    */
    private void getAndUpdateDelta(Applications applications) throws Throwable {
        long currentUpdateGeneration = fetchRegistryGeneration.get();
    
        // 1.发送HTTP/GET请求增量拉取注册表(例如:http://localhost:8080/v2/apps/delta)
        Applications delta = null;
        EurekaHttpResponse<Applications> httpResponse = eurekaTransport.queryClient.getDelta(remoteRegionsRef.get());
        if (httpResponse.getStatusCode() == Status.OK.getStatusCode()) {
            delta = httpResponse.getEntity();
        }
    
        // 2.增量拉取结果为空,则全量拉取
        if (delta == null) {
            logger.warn("The server does not allow the delta revision to be applied because it is not safe. " + "Hence got the full registry.");
            getAndStoreFullRegistry();
        } else if (fetchRegistryGeneration.compareAndSet(currentUpdateGeneration, currentUpdateGeneration + 1)) {
            logger.debug("Got delta update with apps hashcode {}", delta.getAppsHashCode());
            String reconcileHashCode = "";
            if (fetchRegistryUpdateLock.tryLock()) {
                try {
                    // 3.将增量获取到的应用集合和本地缓存的应用集合进行合并
                    updateDelta(delta);
                    // 4.计算本地的应用集合一致性哈希码
                    reconcileHashCode = getReconcileHashCode(applications);
                } finally {
                    fetchRegistryUpdateLock.unlock();
                }
            } else {
                logger.warn("Cannot acquire update lock, aborting getAndUpdateDelta");
            }
            // There is a diff in number of instances for some reason
            if (!reconcileHashCode.equals(delta.getAppsHashCode()) || clientConfig.shouldLogDeltaDiff()) {
                // 一致性哈希值不相等,则全量拉取一次并记日志
                reconcileAndLogDifference(delta, reconcileHashCode);  // this makes a remoteCall
            }
        } else {
            logger.warn("Not updating application delta as another thread is updating it already");
            logger.debug("Ignoring delta update with apps hashcode {}, as another thread is updating it already", delta.getAppsHashCode());
        }
    }

1.3 合并本地缓存

拉取到结果后,会调用updateDelta(delta);将结果与本地注册表缓存合并:

    /**
    * DiscoveryClient.java
    */
    private void updateDelta(Applications delta) {
        int deltaCount = 0;
        // 循环增量(变化)应用集合
        for (Application app : delta.getRegisteredApplications()) {
            // 遍历每一个应用的所有实例
            for (InstanceInfo instance : app.getInstances()) {
                Applications applications = getApplications();
                //...
    
                ++deltaCount;
                // 添加
                if (ActionType.ADDED.equals(instance.getActionType())) {
                    Application existingApp = applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName());
                    if (existingApp == null) {
                        applications.addApplication(app);
                    }
                    logger.debug("Added instance {} to the existing apps in region {}", instance.getId(), instanceRegion);
                    applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName()).addInstance(instance);
                } 
                // 修改
                else if (ActionType.MODIFIED.equals(instance.getActionType())) {
                    Application existingApp = applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName());
                    if (existingApp == null) {
                        applications.addApplication(app);
                    }
                    logger.debug("Modified instance {} to the existing apps ", instance.getId());
    
                    applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName()).addInstance(instance);
    
                } 
                // 删除
                else if (ActionType.DELETED.equals(instance.getActionType())) {
                    Application existingApp = applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName());
                    if (existingApp == null) {
                        applications.addApplication(app);
                    }
                    logger.debug("Deleted instance {} to the existing apps ", instance.getId());
                    applications.getRegisteredApplications(instance.getAppName()).removeInstance(instance);
                }
            }
        }
        logger.debug("The total number of instances fetched by the delta processor : {}", deltaCount);
    
        getApplications().setVersion(delta.getVersion());
        // 过滤并打乱应用集合的顺序
        getApplications().shuffleInstances(clientConfig.shouldFilterOnlyUpInstances());
    
        //...
    }

1.4 Hash比对

最后,会将Eureka-Client端的合并完的注册表的hash值,跟Eureka-Server端的全量注册表的hash值进行一个比对:

    reconcileHashCode = getReconcileHashCode(applications);
    if (!reconcileHashCode.equals(delta.getAppsHashCode()) || clientConfig.shouldLogDeltaDiff()) {
        // 一致性哈希值不相等,则全量拉取一次并记日志
        reconcileAndLogDifference(delta, reconcileHashCode);  // this makes a remoteCall
    }

如果不一样的话,说明本地注册表跟Server端不一致,此时就会重新从Eureka-Server拉取全量注册表并更新到本地缓存。

二、Eureka-Server处理流程

接着,我们来看下Eureka-Server接受并处理增量拉取的流程。Eureka-Client发送的拉取注册表的HTTP/GET请求是类似这样的:http://localhost:8080/v2/apps/delta。

2.1 整体流程

在Eureka-Server端,由ApplicationsResource#getContainerDifferential()负责处理注册表拉取请求,可以看到注册表是从一个ResponseCache对象中获取的,所以整个Server端的处理流程核心就是ResponseCache:

    /**
    * ApplicationsResource.java
    */
    
    @Path("delta")
    @GET
    public Response getContainerDifferential(
        @PathParam("version") String version,
        @HeaderParam(HEADER_ACCEPT) String acceptHeader,
        @HeaderParam(HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING) String acceptEncoding,
        @HeaderParam(EurekaAccept.HTTP_X_EUREKA_ACCEPT) String eurekaAccept,
        @Context UriInfo uriInfo, @Nullable @QueryParam("regions") String regionsStr) {
    
        boolean isRemoteRegionRequested = null != regionsStr && !regionsStr.isEmpty();
    
        // 是否禁用增量访问
        if ((serverConfig.shouldDisableDelta()) || (!registry.shouldAllowAccess(isRemoteRegionRequested))) {
            return Response.status(Status.FORBIDDEN).build();
        }
    
        //...
    
        // 创建响应缓存(ResponseCache) 的键
        // 注意这里的缓存Key是ALL_APPS_DELTA
        Key cacheKey = new Key(Key.EntityType.Application,
                               ResponseCacheImpl.ALL_APPS_DELTA,
                               keyType, CurrentRequestVersion.get(), EurekaAccept.fromString(eurekaAccept), regions
                              );
    
        // 从响应缓存(ResponseCache)读取增量注册信息
        if (acceptEncoding != null
            && acceptEncoding.contains(HEADER_GZIP_VALUE)) {
            // 关键是responseCache.getGZIP(cacheKey)
            return Response.ok(responseCache.getGZIP(cacheKey))
                .header(HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING, HEADER_GZIP_VALUE)
                .header(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, returnMediaType)
                .build();
        } else {
            return Response.ok(responseCache.get(cacheKey))
                .build();
        }
    }

ResponseCache的原理在上一章已经讲解过了,我就不赘述了。重点来看下ResponseCacheImpl.generatePayload(Key key),这个方法会根据缓存Key获取注册表数据:

    /**
    * ResponseCacheImpl.java
    */
    
    private final AbstractInstanceRegistry registry;
    
    private Value generatePayload(Key key) {
        Stopwatch tracer = null;
        try {
            String payload;
            switch (key.getEntityType()) {
                case Application:
                    boolean isRemoteRegionRequested = key.hasRegions();
    
                    // 1.全量拉取,略,上一章已讲解过
                    if (ALL_APPS.equals(key.getName())) {
                        //...
                    } 
                    // 2.增量拉取
                    else if (ALL_APPS_DELTA.equals(key.getName())) {
                        //...
                        // 重点看这里: registry.getApplicationDeltasFromMultipleRegions(key.getRegions())
                        payload = getPayLoad(key,
                                        registry.getApplicationDeltasFromMultipleRegions(key.getRegions()));
                    } else {
                        tracer = serializeOneApptimer.start();
                        payload = getPayLoad(key, registry.getApplication(key.getName()));
                    }
                    break;
                //...
                default:
                    logger.error("Unidentified entity type: " + key.getEntityType() + " found in the cache key.");
                    payload = "";
                    break;
            }
            return new Value(payload);
        } finally {
            if (tracer != null) {
                tracer.stop();
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 将Applications转换成缓存值
    private String getPayLoad(Key key, Applications apps) {
        EncoderWrapper encoderWrapper = serverCodecs.getEncoder(key.getType(), key.getEurekaAccept());
        String result;
        try {
            result = encoderWrapper.encode(apps);
        } catch (Exception e) {
           //...
        }
        //...
        return result;
    }

上述获取增量注册表信息的逻辑的重点在与方法registry.getApplicationDeltasFromMultipleRegions(),registery就是Server端的注册表 PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl

2.2 获取增量注册表

我们来看下AbstractInstanceRegistry.getApplicationDeltasFromMultipleRegions()。重点是它从一个recentlyChangedQueue队列中遍历出所有应用信息,然后返回:

    /**
    * AbstractInstanceRegistry.java
    */
    
    //最近租约变更记录队列
    private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem> recentlyChangedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem>();
    
    public Applications getApplicationDeltasFromMultipleRegions(String[] remoteRegions) {
        //...
    
        Applications apps = new Applications();
        apps.setVersion(responseCache.getVersionDeltaWithRegions().get());
        Map<String, Application> applicationInstancesMap = new HashMap<String, Application>();
        try {
            write.lock();
            // 遍历【最近租约变更记录队列】
            Iterator<RecentlyChangedItem> iter = this.recentlyChangedQueue.iterator();
            logger.debug("The number of elements in the delta queue is :" + this.recentlyChangedQueue.size());
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                // 租约
                Lease<InstanceInfo> lease = iter.next().getLeaseInfo();
                // 应用实例
                InstanceInfo instanceInfo = lease.getHolder();
                Object[] args = {instanceInfo.getId(),
                                 instanceInfo.getStatus().name(),
                                 instanceInfo.getActionType().name()};
                logger.debug("The instance id %s is found with status %s and actiontype %s", args);
                // 应用信息
                Application app = applicationInstancesMap.get(instanceInfo.getAppName());
                if (app == null) {
                    app = new Application(instanceInfo.getAppName());
                    applicationInstancesMap.put(instanceInfo.getAppName(), app);
                    // 添加到结果集
                    apps.addApplication(app);
                }
                app.addInstance(decorateInstanceInfo(lease));
            }
    
            //...
    
            // 获取全量应用集合,计算全量集合的hash值
            Applications allApps = getApplications(!disableTransparentFallback);
            // 保存这个hash值,注意这里apps本身保存的是增量注册表
            apps.setAppsHashCode(allApps.getReconcileHashCode());
            return apps;
        } finally {
            write.unlock();
        }
    }

2.3 recentlyChangedQueue

上述的recentlyChangedQueue,本质是一个ConcurrentLinkedQueue(底层基于单链表实现的无锁并发队列),里面保存着 最近有变化的应用实例

也就是说Eureka-Server发现有应用实例注册、下线、状态变更时,它会创建一个 RecentlyChangedItem对象并入队:

    /**
    * AbstractInstanceRegistry.java
    */
    
    private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem> recentlyChangedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<RecentlyChangedItem>();
    
    private static final class RecentlyChangedItem {
       /**
        * 最后更新时间戳
        */
       private long lastUpdateTime;
       /**
        * 租约
        */
       private Lease<InstanceInfo> leaseInfo;
    
       public RecentlyChangedItem(Lease<InstanceInfo> lease) {
           this.leaseInfo = lease;
           lastUpdateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
       }
    
       public long getLastUpdateTime() {
           return this.lastUpdateTime;
       }
    
       public Lease<InstanceInfo> getLeaseInfo() {
           return this.leaseInfo;
       }
    }

然后, PeerAwareInstanceRegistryImpl在构造时,会创建一个定时调度任务,这个任务默认 每隔30秒 扫描一下 `recentlyChangedQueue队列,当发现有Item在队列里的停留时间超过一定时长(默认 180秒 )后,就把它移除。

也就是说: 这个recentlyChangedQueue,就保留了最近3分钟的应用实例变更记录

    /**
    * AbstractInstanceRegistry.java
    */
    
    this.deltaRetentionTimer.schedule(getDeltaRetentionTask(),
                    serverConfig.getDeltaRetentionTimerIntervalInMs(),
                    serverConfig.getDeltaRetentionTimerIntervalInMs());
    
    private TimerTask getDeltaRetentionTask() {
       return new TimerTask() {
    
           @Override
           public void run() {
               Iterator<RecentlyChangedItem> it = recentlyChangedQueue.iterator();
               while (it.hasNext()) {
                   // 是否超时
                   if (it.next().getLastUpdateTime() < System.currentTimeMillis() - serverConfig.getRetentionTimeInMSInDeltaQueue()) {
                       it.remove();
                   } else {
                       break;
                   }
               }
           }
    
       };
    }

eureka.deltaRetentionTimerIntervalInMs: 定时任务执行频率,单位:毫秒,默认 :30 1000 毫秒。
eureka.retentionTimeInMSInDeltaQueue:队列中保存的应用实例有效期,单位:毫秒,默认:3
60 * 1000 毫秒。

三、Hash比对原理

了解增量拉取注册表的流程,本节我们来看下Hash比对的底层原理,首先回顾下整个增量拉取流程:

  1. Eureka-Server端,通过维护一个LinkedQueue队列,保存最近一段时间内变化的应用实例,这个就是增量注册表;
  2. Eureka-Server端,对保存的全量注册表计算一个hash值,然后在响应给Eureka-Client的增量注册表对象中设置这个hash值;
  3. Eureka-Client端,调用增量拉取注册表的接口获取到增量的应用实例信息,更新并合并本地缓存的注册表;
  4. Eureka-Client端,更新并合并完成后,计算本地注册表的hash值,与Server端的hash值进行比对,一致就OK,不一致就再进行一次全量拉取。

3.1 hash值计算

应用集合的hash值,就是Applications.appsHashCode 。它是如何计算的呢?我们来看下一下代码:

    /**
    * Applications.java
    */
    
    public String getReconcileHashCode() {
       // 计数集合 key:应用实例状态
       TreeMap<String, AtomicInteger> instanceCountMap = new TreeMap<String, AtomicInteger>();
       populateInstanceCountMap(instanceCountMap);
       // 计算 hashcode
       return getReconcileHashCode(instanceCountMap);
    }
    
    public void populateInstanceCountMap(Map<String, AtomicInteger> instanceCountMap) {
       for (Application app : this.getRegisteredApplications()) {
           for (InstanceInfo info : app.getInstancesAsIsFromEureka()) {
               // 计数
               AtomicInteger instanceCount = instanceCountMap.computeIfAbsent(info.getStatus().name(),
                       k -> new AtomicInteger(0));
               instanceCount.incrementAndGet();
           }
       }
    }
    
    public List<Application> getRegisteredApplications() {
       return new ArrayList<Application>(this.applications);
    }
    
    public static String getReconcileHashCode(Map<String, AtomicInteger> instanceCountMap) {
       StringBuilder reconcileHashCode = new StringBuilder(75);
    
        // 这里拼接字符串,把它作为hash值
       for (Map.Entry<String, AtomicInteger> mapEntry : instanceCountMap.entrySet()) {
           reconcileHashCode.append(mapEntry.getKey()).append(STATUS_DELIMITER) // status
                   .append(mapEntry.getValue().get()).append(STATUS_DELIMITER); // count
       }
       return reconcileHashCode.toString();
    }

所以,Applications的hash值的计算公式就是:将每个应用实例状态( status ) 与 数量( count ) 进行拼接。若数量为0,则不进行拼接。 状态以字符串大小排序

    appsHashCode = ${status}_${count}_

举个例子,假设现在一共有8个应用实例,其中8 个 UP ,0 个 DOWN ,则 :

    appsHashCode = DOWN_2_UP_8_

四、总结

本章,我讲解了Eureka进行增量拉取注册表的核心流程及原理。Eureka在设计这块时,有两个地方比较值得我们借鉴:

  1. 增量数据的设计思路:如果你要保存一份增量的最新变更数据,可以基于LinkedQuueue,将最新变更的数据放入这个queue中,然后通过一个定时任务扫描队列,移除过期数据,这样就可以让这个队列只保存最近一段时间内变更的增量数据。
  2. 数据同步的Hash值比对机制:在一个分布式系统中,如果我们要进行数据同步,可以采用Hash值比对的思想,从源数据计算一个hash值,在目标数据再计算一个hash值,只要这两个hash值是一样的,就说明数据没有发生变动。

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